History of tourism

The words "tourism" and "tourist" was officially used for the first time by the League of Nations to name the people traveling abroad for periods of over 24 hours. But the tourism industry is much older than that. 

For there to be tourism, four key parameters must be met [ref. needed]: 

the taste of the exotic, the discovery of other cultures; 

money available for non-core activities; 

free time; 

infrastructure and communications Safe and facilitating travel and stay. 

English in the Roman Campagna. Carl Spitzweg (1845) 

The term "tower" became popular in Britain in the eighteenth century when the "Grand Tour of Europe" (Grand Tour of Europe) became a part of the education of the young and rich British gentlemen. To complete their education and avoid the harsh weather of their native island, many young people went all over Europe, but especially in places of cultural and aesthetic interest as Rome, Tuscany and the Alps, and European capitals. 

Number of British and European artists from the sixteenth century were the "Italian journey" such as Claude Lorrain. If Rome, Naples and Florence has long attracted foreign visitors, it is the influence of the Romantic poets like Lord Byron and William Blake that made the countryside, the Alps, torrents and mountain gorges, popular 

British aristocrats of the eighteenth century particularly crazy about the "Grand Tour", taking the opportunity to discover the artistic and archaeological heritage of Italy in particular, and accumulate artistic treasures of Europe. They played a major role in the birth of archeology with the discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum in particular. They brought as works of art in amounts unrivaled anywhere else in Europe, this is what explains the current wealth of many public and private British collections. Tourism that time was fundamentally elitist, accreditation and training that allowed to meet with his counterparts across Europe trip. 

Tourism in the modern sense did not develop until the nineteenth century; it is nowadays most of the tourism industry. 

The beginning of the industrialization of tourism was a British invention in the nineteenth century, including the creation of the first travel agency Thomas Cook. This responded to the growing needs of travel for all sorts of reasons, the British whose country was the first European country to industrialize. Initially, only the owners of the means of production, factories, traders and the new middle class benefited from free time, but also increased desire to travel, for example visit the Universal Exhibition (the first World Expo held in London in 1851 and attracts millions of visitors). 

Tourism diversifies during the nineteenth century leisure travel, business travel, spa, looking for sunshine in the cold season, especially for the treatment of tuberculosis, a scourge of the time. 

The British origin of this new industry is attested by many names: 

Nice, the long esplanade along the sea is still known as the Promenade des Anglais;

in many resorts in continental Europe, luxury hotels have names like Hotel Bristol, Hotel Carlton or Hotel Majestic. 

They are also British tourists who invented winter sports in Switzerland in the village of Zermatt. Before the arrival of the first tourists, the villagers of Zermatt just saw their long snowy winter was a period when the best thing to do was stay out of the cold and make cuckoo clocks or other objects lifts.